Citations
Citations
Including references is important to help readers know how to find our sources, to give credit to original authors, and to show the work is credible. AAFA includes citations in our research publications. Some of our educational handouts or short-form content do not have room to include the citations, so we provide them below.
COVID-19 Vaccine Decision Aid
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025, September 27). Preliminary Estimates of COVID-19 Burden for 2024-2025. CDC: Covid; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/php/surveillance/burden-estimates.html [3]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025, June 11). People with Certain Medical Conditions and COVID-19 Risk Factors. CDC: Covid; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/risk-factors/index.html [4]
Mayo Clinic. (2024, September 20). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963 [5]
Vivaldi, G., Talaei, M., Pfeffer, P. E., Shaheen, S. O., & Martineau, A. R. (2025). COVID-19 severity and risk of SARS-CoV-2-associated asthma exacerbation by time since booster vaccination: a longitudinal analysis of data from the COVIDENCE UK study. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 12(1), e003158. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2025-003158 [6]
Terry, P., Heidel, R. E., Wilson, A. Q., & Dhand, R. (2025). Risk of long covid in patients with pre-existing chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 12(1), e002528. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2024-002528 [7]
Gerayeli, F. V., Milne, S., Cheung, C., Li, X., Yang, C. W. T., Tam, A., Choi, L. H., Bae, A., & Sin, D. D. (2021). COPD and the Risk of Poor Outcomes in COVID-19: a Systematic Review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 33, 100789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100789 [8]
Rini, B. I., Best, A. F., Bowman, M. D., Mishkin, G. E., Denicoff, A. M., Rubinstein, L. V., Harris, L., Geiger, A. M., Mark, N. M., Pergam, S. A., Warner, J. L., Khorana, A. A., Gnjatic, S., Yen, T. W. F., Liles, D. K., Bestvina, C. M., Shah, N. J., Norrell, J. T., Hershman, D. L., … Korde, L.A (2025). Risk Factors for COVID-19–Related Hospitalization and Death in Patients With Cancer. JAMA Oncology, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.2010 [9]
Link-Gelles, R., Chickery, S., Webber, A., Ong, T. C., Rowley, E. A. K., DeSilva, M. B., Dascomb, K., Irving, S. A., Klein, N. P., Grannis, S. J., Barron, M. A., Reese, S. E., McEvoy, C., Sheffield, T., Naleway, A. L., Zerbo, O., Rogerson, C., Self, W. H., Zhu, Y., … Surie, D. (2025). Interim Estimates of 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — VISION and IVY Networks, September 2024–January 2025. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 74(6), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a1 [10]
Taylor, C. A., Patel, K., Pham, H., Daily Kirley, P., Kawasaki, B., Meek, J., Witt, L., Ryan, P. A., Reeg, L., Como-Sabetti, K., Domen, A., Anderson, B., Bushey, S., Sutton, M., Talbot, H. K., Mendez, E., Havers, F. P., Roland, J., Alden, N., … Havera, F.P. (2024). COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥18 Years — COVID-NET, 12 States, October 2023–April 2024. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 73(39), 869–875. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7339a2 [11]
Tartof, S. Y., Frankland, T. B., Puzniak, L., Slezak, J. M., Ackerson, B. K., Hong, V., Stern, J., Zamparo, J. M., Chowdhry, H., Spence, B., Davis, G. S., Jodar, L., & McLaughlin, J. M. (2024). BNT162b2 XBB Vaccine for COVID-19 Among Children 5-17 Years of Age. JAMA Network Open, 7(12), e2449944. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49944 [12]
Razzaghi, H., Forrest, C. B., Hirabayashi, K., Wu, Q., Allen, A., Rao, S., Chen, Y., Bunnell, H. T., Chrischilles, E. A., Cowell, L. G., Cummins, M. R., Hanauer, D. A., Higginbotham, M., Horne, B. D., Horowitz, C. R., Jhaveri, R., Kim, S., Mishkin, A., Muszynski, J. A., … Bailey, L.C. (2024). Vaccine Effectiveness Against Long COVID in Children. Pediatrics, 153(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-064446 [13]
Kim, S. H., You, S.H., Lee, J. W., Kim, E., Kim, Y., Lee, H., Jung, S.Y., & Moon, J.Y. (2025). Association between COVID-19 vaccination and first healthcare utilization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Vaccine, 61, 127367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127367 [14]