How much do you know about type 2 inflammation?
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Underlying type 2 inflammation can help explain the connection between:
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Asthma and nasal polyps (CRSwNP)
Asthma and rheumatoid arthritis
Eczema and gout
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Many people with a disease caused in part by underlying type 2 inflammation have other conditions.1 Asthma, eczema, and nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are three common examples of diseases driven partly by type 2 inflammation, while gout and rheumatoid arthritis are not.1
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Diseases caused in part by type 2 inflammation such as asthma, eczema, and nasal polyps, can run in the family.1 True or false?
TRUE
FALSE
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There could be similarities in living with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), eczema, and asthma because of underlying type 2 inflammation.1 True or false?
TRUE
FALSE
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When uncontrolled, symptoms of eczema and asthma are present all the time. True or false?
TRUE
FALSE
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People with these diseases can have times where they do not have symptoms and other times when they have flare-ups or exacerbations of symptoms.2,3,4
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Type 2 inflammation is named after some of the immune cells involved in the response.1,5 True or false?
TRUE
FALSE
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Type 2 inflammation…
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Only exists when a person is having symptoms
Is caused only by environmental triggers
Can help explain why people with asthma may also have eczema1
Is contagious
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If you have type 2 inflammation, you will have several chronic inflammatory diseases. True or false?
TRUE
FALSE
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While you may only have one disease, it is common to have more than one.1
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Everyone has a type 2 immune response.1 True or false?
TRUE
FALSE
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When your body senses certain kinds of infections, it sends out specific type 2 immune cells to fight the battle against the intruders by creating inflammation.1,3 For some people, the immune cells go to battle even when there’s no infection.1 This is an overactive immune response called type 2 inflammation.1
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When did scientists discover type 2 inflammation?
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1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
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While scientists discovered type 2 inflammation in the 1980s, we’re learning more and more about it every day.1,2,3,5
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Type 2 inflammation can be chronic (long-lasting). True or false?
TRUE
FALSE
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Type 2 inflammation is chronic, which means it always exists in the body even when symptoms aren’t felt or seen.5,6,7
AAFA medical review: June 2023 by John James, MD
This content is supported by Sanofi and Regeneron.
US.IMM.23.09.0008 | September 2023
References
1 Gandhi, N. A., Bennett, B. L., Graham, N. M., Pirozzi, G., Stahl, N., & Yancopoulos, G. D. (2015). Targeting key proximal drivers of type 2 inflammation in disease. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 15(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4624
2 Khan, A. H., Gouia, I., Kamat, S., Johnson, R., Small, M., & Siddall, J. (2023). Prevalence and severity distribution of type 2 inflammation-related comorbidities among patients with asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and atopic dermatitis. Lung, 201(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-023-00603-z
3 Fokkens, W. J., Lund, V. J., Hopkins, C., Hellings, P. W., Kern, R., Reitsma, S., Toppila-Salmi, S., Bernal-Sprekelsen, M., Mullol, J., Alobid, I., Terezinha Anselmo-Lima, W., Bachert, C., Baroody, F., von Buchwald, C., Cervin, A., Cohen, N., Constantinidis, J., De Gabory, L., Desrosiers, M., Diamant, Z., … Zwetsloot, C. P. (2020). European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Rhinology, 58(Suppl S29), 1–464. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin20.600
4 Zuberbier, T., Orlow, S. J., Paller, A. S., Taïeb, A., Allen, R., Hernanz-Hermosa, J. M., Ocampo-Candiani, J., Cox, M., Langeraar, J., & Simon, J. C. (2006). Patient perspectives on the management of atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 118(1), 226–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.02.031
5 Gandhi NA, Pirozzi G, Graham NM. Commonality of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway in atopic diseases. Expert review of clinical immunology. 2017 May 4;13(5):425-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2017.1298443
6 Mosmann, T. R., Cherwinski, H., Bond, M. W., Giedlin, M. A., & Coffman, R. L. (1986). Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. The Journal of Immunology, 136(7), 2348–2357. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.7.2348
7 Snapper, C. M., Finkelman, F. D., & Paul, W. E. (1988). Regulation of IGG1 and IGE production by interleukin 4. Immunological Reviews, 102(1), 51–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1988.tb00741.x